A review by vonmustache
The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller by Carlo Ginzburg

5.0

Excellent. Ginzburg uses the case of Menocchio (and a few others) to suggest the existence of an oral culture of peasant traditions, materialist, intolerant of dogma, tied to natural cycles, and pre-Christian. Peasants, he argues, contributed their own thought and culture to the early modern world; they, no less than “high cultural” thinkers of the period, defined the cosmic and terrestrial worlds.

Menocchio thought that the rituals of the 16th century Catholic Church and the Bible were man-made creations, designed to enrich the Church. His understanding of theology - and of the texts he read - suggests a materialist emphasis that Ginzburg sources to his peasant status. The book demonstrates the difficulty of microhistory - it is at once deeply entertaining and engaging, and at the same time unfortunately thinly sourced - it is impossible to know how widespread ideas like Menocchio’s were; it is tragic that we are left without it.

I wish that more could have been done to dive into the oral culture itself - Menocchio’s case could be a result of peasant traditions, or it could be his own brain. Using more examples to suggest the three claims about peasant culture (pre-Christian, intolerant of dogma, tied to natural cycles, materialist) would have been nice. Extremely enjoyable, but thin on the ground, as microhistory must, unfortunately, always be.