Reviews

The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún by J.R.R. Tolkien

ameve2's review against another edition

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adventurous slow-paced

2.0

pidgevorg's review against another edition

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informative inspiring fast-paced

5.0

A perfect blend of scholarship and creativity. Truly brilliant. And the mix of informative essays, translations, and original poetry is also perfectly done, so kudos to both the original writer and the editor. Honestly, after reading Tolkien's much more famous (and overrated) fiction prose, I would say this book actually contains his best work.

verydazedragon's review against another edition

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challenging slow-paced

2.0

It’s disjointed and unclear in a lot of places, many alliterations are repeated many times. I do not mean to say it is unclear in the way that most epic poetry is unclear, nor am I referring to the aged language. I just mean the translation was lacking. I am sorry to have read it without any background knowledge of this particular Norse mythology.

octobertune's review against another edition

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3.0

I have read the poems, and I will probably read the rest of the text when I'm able to concentrate on it better. It's a lot easier because it's in Dutch but I'm in a bit of a reading slump (or well I just got out one) so yeah.. Maybe the rating will go up after I've finished the entire book, but I just wanted to mark it as finished because I did read the poetry!

robynrussell's review against another edition

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4.0

A beautiful translation, but very fragmented. If I didn’t already know the story I probably would have been confused in a few places.

fieldofhats's review against another edition

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challenging informative slow-paced

2.0

This is not a good introductory book if you want to get into Old Norse poetry. I want to get that out of the way immediately. If I had not read the Poetic Edda before reading this, I would be completely and utterly lost, even with the commentary.

Despite what the introduction says, this book contains a multitude of poems. Tolkien separates them into two categories, but nine poems are in the first category and one is in the second. For the most part, he models each poem after a poem in the Poetic Edda or the Saga of the Volsungs and follows the source material pretty closely (with some influences of the Prose Edda as well). The writing style tends to be very flowery and grand, which is in contrast to the writing style of the eddas and sagas themselves. In the lecture on the Elder Edda that is cited at the beginning of this book, Tolkien states that Old Norse poetry is supposed to have a sense of immediacy and that “to hit you in the eye was the deliberate intention of the Norse poet.” Tolkien’s Lays (the poems presented in this book) do not do that. There are SOME moments that hit you (like Regin and Sigurd’s conversation after Fafnir is killed in “Regin” and a lot of the dialogue in the poem “Strife”), but for the most part, Tolkien’s poems read like Shakespeare. They’re hard to follow, harder even than the Poetic Edda. And some of the language seems intentionally archaic; the singular “O” as an exclamation, the use of “thee”, “thy”, and “thou”, and the suffix “est” and “eth” as in “mockest” and “groweth.” This is in direct contrast to the spirit of Old Norse poetry. It’s not inherently bad, but it seems like Tolkien wrote the poems like that so they would appear to replicate what a Skald might actually write — when, in reality, blunt and understandable language was the norm. That’s not to say these poems were wholly bad, they weren’t — but they weren’t in the spirit of Old Norse. I am no expert in Old Norse poetry, and I have absolutely no doubts that Professor Tolkien got the meter down precisely, but I know enough about the rules and language of Old Norse poetry to know that this is too stylized and flowery. And as a side-note, he uses the f-slur randomly towards in the end in “The Lay of Gudrún.” I’m not sure if that meant something different in the early 20th century, but it would have been nice to at least have a trigger warning or explanation from Christopher on that.

What about the non-poetry sections of this book? The prose intro by Christopher Tolkien was good, and I loved how he brought in his father’s lecture in the Poetic Edda as a preface. The explanation of the nature of the poetry was amazing and very interesting, although I love learning about Old Norse poetry and I know many probably don’t, so it’s likely this part wasn’t for everyone. The commentary on each of the poems by Christopher Tolkien was nice, and usually covers everything, but could drag on for too long, and even still, if you’re new to this material it could be overwhelming regardless. The appendices (especially the first one) were too long. In fact, I didn’t read the first appendix. It seemed interesting, but not interesting enough to suffer through the inevitable boredom. To be fair, though, this is not new when it comes to Tolkien; after reading The Lord of the Rings, one can expect long, boring appendices.

I would like to note that this was never meant to be published. Tolkien didn’t write this for anyone but himself, and thus he has every right to write in whatever style helps him learn the meters best (which Christopher says was his original goal). I just wish his son had kept it like that. In short, this is not a beginner-level Norse poetry book. If you want to get into the sagas, start with Jackson Crawford’s Poetic Edda, and then come back to this. Not only will it make more sense, but you will probably be able to appreciate it more. Overall, there are just so many better retellings of the eddas and sagas that I simply can’t recommend this. Read Neil Gaiman’s Norse Mythology for an accessible, faithful, and fun adaptation of the myths.

frahorus's review against another edition

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5.0

Scusate la prolissità.
Il materiale che Christopher Tolkien, figlio terzogenito di John Ronald Reuel Tolkien ed esecutore testamentario scelto dal padre, ha dato alle stampe in oltre tre decenni, a partire dalla versione de Il Silmarillion (1977), quattro anni dopo la morte dell'autore, è enorme: è incredibile quanto materiale il caro Tolkien sia riuscito a scrivere (ma non a pubblicare), una quantità così alta che ancora non siamo giunti alla fine e che il figlio Christopher sta attualmente continuando a catalogare e a ordinare per darlo alle stampe. Quindi oggi è grazie a Christopher che abbiamo la possibilità di poter leggere (e che goduria) Il già citato Silmarillion, una sorta di Bibbia della Terra di Mezzo, I figli di Hurin (una storia che ci descrive la prima Era della Terra di Mezzo e che ha molte somiglianze, tra l'altro, con la Leggenda di Sigurd e Gudrun), Sir Gawain e il Cavaliere Verde (Edizioni Mediterranee, 2009), Racconti perduti, Racconti ritrovati, Racconti incompiuti e tanta altra roba. E tra queste perle inedite pubblicate dopo la morte di Tolkien fino ad oggi, possiamo ritrovarci tra le mani il non meno importante, rispetto a Il Signore degli Anelli, La Leggenda di Sigurd e Gudrun, che ci svela l'altra faccia di Tolkien, dai più ignorata o sconosciuta da quella del Tolkien narratore, ovvero quella del Tolkien studioso, medievalista, filologo e mitologo. Egli ad un certo punto della carriera universitaria entrò in contatto con E.V. Gordon, esattamente nel 1922, col quale scoprirà l'epica medievale studiando il Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, che riprese tale poema in inglese moderno pur effettuandone una versione poetica straordinaria. Ma adesso focalizziamoci sulla nostra opera: ora che l'ho letta ho compreso come Tolkien svilupperà le idee per Lo Hobbit e per il Signore degli Anelli, nati grazie appunto agli studi che egli fece sia di quest'opera che dei miti nordici. Grande studioso della poesia norrena, conosciuta come Edda antica o Edda poetica, egli scrisse due opere poetiche in cui riprendeva la leggenda dei Volsunghi (o dei Nibelunghi): opere scritte in inglese moderno ma con la metrica norrena. Tali poemi erano "Il nuovo lai dei Volsunghi" e "Il nuovo lai di Gudrun", che attingono alla sua profonda conoscenza dell'Edda poetica e della lingua norrena (un islandese antico). Secondo Christopher Tolkien si dedicò allo studio e alla stesura di questi due poemi non più tardi del 1935 (ma non ne è sicuro), dopo aver interrotto Il lai di Leithian (la leggenda di Beren e Luthien, che potete leggere ne Il Silmarillion) verso la fine del 1931. E il figlio ritrovò un'annotazione del padre che, datata 29 gennaio 1968, diceva: "Credo di avere da qualche parte un lungo poema inedito chiamato Volsungakvida en nyja, scritto in fornyrdislag, in stanze di otto versi, in inglese. Un tentativo di organizzare il materiale dell'Edda che tratta di Sigurd e Gunnar." Purtroppo la lettura di questi due poemi non è per niente facile, soprattutto se non siamo esperti studiosi di leggende nordiche in lingua originale, e Christopher ne è ben consapevole al punto che ha deciso di inserire, oltre al testo originale, i commenti e le note personali di Tolkien, seppur incompleti e non sempre facili da comprendere. La poesia dell'antico norvegese si basa sulle antiche mitologie e religioni locali, risalenti a non si quando né dove; leggende e racconti popolari, storie d'eroi, nate nel corso di parecchi secoli e prospettivamente schiacciate insieme dal teleobiettivo del tempo, alcune locali e preistoriche, altre echeggianti eventi storici del Sud, altre, locali anch'esse, ma risalenti all'epoca vichinga o a poco dopo. Dai Goti vennero le rune e dai Goti venne Odin (Gautr), il dio della saggezza runica, dei re e dei sacrifici. Odin era considerato il più grande degli dèi nordici. Si può dire che lo spirito di queste composizioni è stato considerato un ramo del comune spirito germanico e si ritrova il Godlessness, "assenza di Dio": porre la fiducia unicamente in sé stessi e nella propria indomabile volontà. Comunque in Islanda si raccolsero in forma scritta le opere poetiche. L'Edda minore e Edda in prosa di Snorri Sturluson è una devota raccolta di frammenti, scritta allo scopo di aiutare a capire e a scrivere la poesia che richiedeva una conoscenza del mito. Ma di questa Edda tanto citata cosa ne è rimasta oggi? Un solo manoscritto è rimasto, il numero 2365-4° della Collezione Reale di Copenaghen, noto col nome Codex Regius, esso contiene 29 composizioni, del quale ne rimangono solo 45 fogli. Purtroppo sono andate perdute 16 facciate. L'Edda poetica è una raccolta di composizioni di grande diversità, scritte da poeti vissuti anche a secoli di distanza tra loro. Gran parte dei canti eroici parla della storia dei Volsunghi, ma i canti sono disordinati e lacunosi, e la quinta segnatura del Codex Regius è scomparsa molto tempo fa, con la perdita di tutta la trattazione centrale della leggenda di Sigurd. Allora ci può venire in aiuto la leggenda nordica dei Volsunghi, la Volsunga Saga, dove ci viene narrata il destino dell'intera razza dei Volsunghi, a partire dall'antica origine di Sigmund, padre di Sigurd, e proseguendo fino alla caduta dei Nibelunghi e alla morte di Attila (Atli) e oltre. Ma torniamo al nostro Tolkien: egli così rispose alla domanda circa lo scopo delle sue composizioni sulla falsariga di quegli antichi poemi in norreno: "Come presente poeta, ho inteso che l'antica leggenda simboleggiasse la prudenza e la saggezza umane e come esse siano accompagnate ogni volta dalla follia e dal male che finiranno per sconfiggerle, ma solo per far nascere un eroismo ancora più grande, una saggezza più profonda."
Quella che leggerete è un'antica leggenda del Nord, dove c'è un drago da sconfiggere, lotte tra popoli diversi, matrimoni e promesse infrante, magie, dei ed eroi, entrerete in un universo tragico e in balia del Fato, un universo (parafrasando Gianfranco De Turris) ancestrale indoeuropeo le cui tracce sono rimaste in molte culture delle origini. Passioni violente, giuramenti traditi, folli vendette, omicidi terribili, parricidi, incesti, suicidi, lotte familiari, guerra per la conquista di una donna, morti atroci, spietatezza, crudeltà, riti pagani, disprezzo dei pavidi e dei vigliacchi, e tanta tanta altra roba. Ripeto, non è una lettura per niente facile, ma ve la straconsiglio: ne uscirete fuori davvero cambiati. E capirete cosa significa davvero epica, leggenda e mito. E non le schifezze innominabili che vengono pubblicate a palate e che si definiscono storie mitiche e leggendarie. Si vede che alcuni autori non conosceva l'epica norrena, e peggio per loro (e per i lettori che gli vanno dietro). Ricordate: la cultura va coltivata, continuate a cercare e a studiare, soprattutto sui testi antichi.

bespectacledbibliophile's review against another edition

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3.0

I won't rate this as it is the first translation I've read and I cannot, therefore, properly judge the quality or appreciate the subtleties of the translation.

I will, therefore, say that it is scholarly. If you're not inclined toward that tone, this will not be the translation or book for you.

westmoreland's review against another edition

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adventurous fast-paced

4.75

roxanamalinachirila's review against another edition

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4.0

Aside from being a legendary figure who pretty much defined high fantasy as we know it today, J.R.R. Tolkien was a scholar whose main interests were Old English and Old Norse literature. "The Legend of Sigurd & Gudrún" leans very heavily on those interests, and not at all on epic quests of elves and hobbits.

I mention this because I was checking out the other reviews for this and I got the feeling that some people might expect this to be fantasy in the sense in which the Peter Jackson movies are fantasy. And, well, it's not. It's fantasy in the sense in which "Beowulf", the poem, is fantasy.

"The Legend of Sigurd & Gudrún" is a retelling of Old Norse poetry, in a poetic form that's very similar to that of Old Norse poetry: long poems, alliterative short stanzas. They sound quite epic. Look!


Dread shapes arose
from the dim spaces
over sheer mountains
by the Shoreless Sea,
friends of darkness,
foes immortal,
old, unbegotten,
out of ancient void.

To the world came war:
the walls of Gods
giants beleaguered;
joy was ended.
The mountains were moved,
mighty Ocean
surged and thundered,
the Sun trembled.

The Gods gathered
on golden thrones,
of doom and death
deeply pondered,
how fate should be fended,
their foes vanquished,
their labour healed,
light rekindled.


Unfortunately, this occasionally makes for a difficult read. Tolkien's language can be quite old, words can be used in ways which were probably popular a few centuries ago, and don't quote me on this, but I think the poems assume some sort of familiarity with the story. Which I don't have, since my education lacked things like the "Nibelungenlied", which is apparently similar.

Aaanyways. There are two poems in this book, the second basically being a sequel to the first.

The legend of Sigurd begins with the making of the world: the Norse gods are happily minding their own business, when a seer tells them that the end of the world will come, and there'll be a huge battle, the Ragnarok, which will decide the fate of all gods. If Odin wants to win, he needs a hero who's his descendant, and who died once, to fight for him.

Hence, Valhalla (here, Vallholl) is created as an afterlife where great heroes go after they die, spending time being merry and waiting until the end of days, when they'll go to battle again. There's a plot with a ring going down from generation to generation and causing trouble, because of something Loki did (of course), and a few great heroes descended from Odin rising one after the other and having impressive adventures.

Then comes the "world's chosen", Sigurd, who slays a dragon, wins the heart of a Valkyrie, wins a kingdom and then proceeds to die tragically because he married the wrong woman and wooed the Valkyrie for a friend, thus making her quite angry (it turns out "bait and switch" was a thing back then, too, but it was much more dangerous). Odin may have caused this to happen, because he needed a hero.

The second poem is about Sigurd's wife, who is quite angry about the fact that her husband was in love with another woman, and died, and the people who killed him are her own brothers, so she runs off to the woods. But her brothers and mother bring her back and make her into the wife of Attila the Hun, and that turns into a full-blown tragedy.

The poems, as I've said, are EPIC. They sound amazing. They're awesome to read out loud. They're also difficult to understand especially if, like me, you kind of suck when it comes to names.

Luckily, while the poems themselves are around 100 and 50 pages respectively, the rest of this 380-page book has commentaries written by Christopher Tolkien, complete with what happened, what happened in the original Old Norse poems, what the weird words mean, and what's up with the poetic style. They can be skipped, they can be read completely, or you can just do what I did and look up the things that seem interesting.

I'm in awe of J.R.R. Tolkien's work here - it's not easy to write verse, especially when it has such strict rules as Old Norse poetry does. Never mind the fact that he was trying to single-handedly bring back into fashion that type of verse that's been dead for a thousand years, and making it sound good in modern English. It makes my geeky heart tremble with joy, even more so than the tale of Bilbo Baggins. It's inspiring, and wonderful - and if I could have actually figured out the plot easily without endnotes, I'd have given this a full five stars.